Results of Spring Bird Counts in Cumberland County, Tennessee—1962, 1965, 1966, 1993, and 2006–Present
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| This Eastern Kingbird was photographed on Nicholson Rd., Cumberland County, Tennessee; photo DJ Stanley (5 September 2008). |
Some of the most intriguing data about changes in the Regional avifauna are revealed by comparing results of recent and historical Spring Bird Counts (SBC) in Cumberland County, Tennessee. Several species with names in bold red below (Tables 1 and 2) have undergone significant change in their populations in Cumberland County (and throughout the Cumberland Plateau within the Region); among these are the Red-cockaded Woodpecker (now extirpated from the Region), the Bewick's Wren (now almost entirely absent from the Region except as a rare fall migrant), and the Bachman's Sparrow (very seldom reported from the Region since the beginning of the Twenty-First Century). Each of these species was formerly present in modest numbers in Cumberland County and elsewhere in the Region, but they are now absolutely or essentially gone.
Those who saw and counted the Red-cockaded Woodpecker, Bewick's Wren, and Bachman's Sparrow during the 1960s in Cumberland County no doubt had little or no idea that they were witnessing the last metaphorical gasps of these species in that locale. The Red-cockaded was gone by the late 1980s, the Bewick's by the late 1970s, and the Bachman's at some point by the end of the century.
When we consider that two additional species (Loggerhead Shrike and Golden-winged Warbler) are also in the midst of population crashes in Cumberland County (and elsewhere in the Region), it is clear that the avifaunal landscape has diminished in imporant ways over the past half century.
But, to be sure, recruitment of species not present during the mid-Twentieth Century in Cumberland County or very rare at that time, has somewhat offset the losses described above. Whether, however, the appearance of breeding Canada Geese, Tree Swallows, and House Finches, as well more recently and less abundantly Eurasian Collared-Doves, is enough consolation for the loss of these other species is a question that deserves a long and careful answer.
To return to the SBC Central Node or to see Cumberland County SBC results in the context of the Regional spring bird counting effort, click on one of the links below:
Table 1. Results of Cumberland County Spring Bird Counts from 2006 to Present; the list includes species listed in Table 2.
| Year | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
| Date (late April/early May) | 29 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 15 | 7 | 28 | 20 | 26 | |
| Number Field Observers | 12 | 9 | 13 | 12 | 9 | 14 | 9 | 10 | 12 | -- |
| Number Field Parties | 5 | 4 | 6–8 | 6 | 5–6 | 6–7 | 6 | 5 | 6 | -- |
| Number Feederwatchers | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- |
| Start CDT | 0330 | 0430 | 0330 | 0310 | 0245 | 0345 | 0335 | 0400 | 0315 | -- |
| End CDT | 1900 | 1930 | 1945 | 1945 | 1945 | 1930 | 2000 | 2030 | 2100 | -- |
| Hours on Foot | 14.5 | 7 | 13 | 3.25 | 11.5 | 7 | 16 | 16.5 | 18.5 | -- |
| Hours by Car | 41 | 34.25 | 69.25 | 73.5 | 55.75 | 61.25 | 46.5 | 39 | 40.5 | -- |
| Total Party Hours | 55.5 | 41.25 | 82.25 | 76.75 | 67.25 | 68.25 | 62.5 | 55.5 | 59 | -- |
| Miles on Foot | 11.75 | 8 | 12 | 3.5 | 6 | 6.25 | 9.5 | 5 | 10.5 | -- |
| Miles by Car | 483 | 321 | 667 | 740 | 544 | 539 | 500.25 | 452 | 495.5 | -- |
| Total Party Miles | 494.75 | 329 | 679 | 743.5 | 550 | 545.25 | 509.75 | 457 | 506 | -- |
| Owling Hours | 5.25 | 2 | 3.75 | 5.5 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 4.5 | 4 | 5.25 | -- |
| Owling Miles | 40 | 13 | 39 | 78 | 75 | 54 | 30.5 | 36 | 63 | -- |
| Feeder-watching Hours | 0.25 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- |
| Low Temperature (F) | 54 | 55 | 51 | 56 | 59 | 37 | 57 | 29 | 37 | -- |
| High Temperature (F) | 67 | 86 | 72 | 67 | 85 | 71 | 79 | 56 | 80 | -- |
| Wind Direction | var. | var. | SSW | SW | SE | SW | SSW | NNW | S | -- |
| Wind Speed (mph) | 0–5 | 0–7.5 | 5–12 | 0–4 | 0–5 | 0–10 | 0–10 | 0–14 | 0–10 | -- |
| Sky AM | p clo | cle | clo | over | pclo | cle | pclo | cle | cle | -- |
| Sky PM | p clo | cle | pclo | over | mclo | clo | cle | cle | cle | -- |
| Precipitation AM | none | none | rain | rain | none | none | none | none | none | -- |
| Precipitation PM | none | none | none | rain | sprnk | none | none | none | none | -- |
| Compiler | JEM+ | JEM+ | EKL | EKL | EKL | EKL | EKL | EKL | EKL | -- |
| Total Species | 132 | 128 | 140 | 137 | 121 | 140 | 128 | 132 | 133 | -- |
| Year | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
| Snow Goose, white morph | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 1 | -- | -- |
| Snow Goose, blue morph | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Canada Goose | 77 | 49 | 136 | 126 | 152 | 131 | 107 | 76 | 92 | -- |
| Mute Swan | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 1 | 1 | -- | -- |
| Wood Duck | 13 | 15 | 44 | 34 | 24 | 33 | 23 | 29 | 19 | -- |
| Gadwall | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 2 | 2 | -- |
| American Wigeon | 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Mallard | 33 | 11 | 49 | 39 | 28 | 42 | 27 | 37 | 27 | -- |
| Blue-winged Teal | -- | -- | 2 | 1 | -- | -- | 5 | 21 | 9 | -- |
| Northern Shoveler | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 1 | -- | -- |
| Ring-necked Duck | -- | -- | 1 | -- | -- | 2 | -- | 7 | -- | -- |
| Lesser Scaup | 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 1 | -- | -- |
| Bufflehead | -- | -- | 2 | -- | -- | 1 | 1 | 8 | 3 | -- |
| Hooded Merganser | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Red-breasted Merganser | 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 2 | -- |
| Ruddy Duck | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 15 | -- | -- |
| Northern Bobwhite | 9 | 27 | 18 | 22 | 14 | 18 | 5 | 11 | 2 | -- |
| Ruffed Grouse | -- | -- | 2 | 2 | -- | 2 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Wild Turkey | 6 | 1 | 11 | 17 | 11 | 17 | 7 | 5 | 8 | -- |
| Common Loon | 3 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | -- |
| Pied-billed Grebe | 1 | -- | 1 | 2 | -- | -- | -- | 6 | 3 | -- |
| Double-crested Cormorant | -- | -- | -- | 1 | -- | -- | 3 | -- | 16 | -- |
| Great Blue Heron | 4 | 5 | 6 | 14 | 3 | 7 | 2 | 7 | 3 | -- |
| Great Egret | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 1 | -- | -- |
| Cattle Egret | -- | 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Green Heron | 5 | 1 | 11 | 9 | 6 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 3 | -- |
| Black-crowned Night-Heron | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Yellow-crowned Night-Heron | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Black Vulture | 2 | -- | 3 | 2 | -- | 1 | 4 | 1 | 10 | -- |
| Turkey Vulture | 46 | 30 | 63 | 59 | 41 | 81 | 41 | 45 | 59 | -- |
| Year | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
| Osprey | 2 | -- | -- | 1 | 1 | -- | -- | 1 | 3 | -- |
| Bald Eagle | -- | -- | -- | -- | 1 | 1 | -- | 2 | 1 | -- |
| Northern Harrier | -- | -- | 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | 1 | -- | -- |
| Sharp-shinned Hawk | 2 | 1 | -- | -- | 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Cooper's Hawk | 4 | -- | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 6 | -- |
| Accipiter sp. | -- | 2 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Red-shouldered Hawk | 6 | 2 | 10 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 11 | 13 | 10 | -- |
| Broad-winged Hawk | 8 | 5 | 12 | 7 | 4 | 16 | 10 | 15 | 11 | -- |
| Red-tailed Hawk | 1 | 4 | 13 | 3 | 5 | 15 | 5 | 11 | 8 | -- |
| Sora | -- | -- | -- | 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| American Coot | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | -- | 2 | 5 | 29 | 10 | -- |
| Killdeer | 23 | 19 | 53 | 54 | 48 | 39 | 23 | 24 | 26 | -- |
| Black-necked Stilt | 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Spotted Sandpiper | 13 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 19 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 10 | -- |
| Solitary Sandpiper | 20 | 23 | 20 | 19 | 2 | 32 | 11 | 1 | 7 | -- |
| Greater Yellowlegs | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 1 | -- | -- | -- |
| Willet | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 21 | -- | -- | -- |
| Lesser Yellowlegs | -- | -- | 2 | 13 | 2 | -- | -- | 4 | 1 | -- |
| Yellowlegs sp. | -- | -- | -- | 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Western Sandpiper | -- | 2 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Least Sandpiper | -- | -- | 6 | 3 | 1 | 8 | 1 | -- | -- | -- |
| Peep sp. | -- | 5 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Wilson's Snipe | 6 | -- | -- | 3 | -- | -- | 3 | 8 | 4 | -- |
| American Woodcock | 2 | 2 | -- | 2 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | -- | -- |
| Ring-billed Gull | 4 | -- | -- | 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Gull sp. | 2 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Year | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
| Rock Pigeon | 3 | 5 | 18 | 33 | 46 | 90 | 12 | 17 | 7 | -- |
| Eurasian Collared-Dove | -- | -- | 2 | -- | -- | 2 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Mourning Dove | 82 | 59 | 185 | 293 | 248 | 208 | 155 | 100 | 90 | -- |
| Yellow-billed Cuckoo | 3 | 4 | -- | 2 | 17 | 3 | 1 | -- | -- | -- |
| Black-billed Cuckoo | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Barn Owl | -- | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Eastern Screech-Owl | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 1 | -- | 1 | -- |
| Great Horned Owl | -- | 1 | 1 | 4 | -- | 3 | 2 | -- | 2 | -- |
| Barred Owl | 4 | 1 | 3 | 11 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 6 | -- |
| Owl sp. | 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Common Nighthawk | -- | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Chuck-will's-widow | 2 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 12 | -- |
| Eastern Whip-poor-will | 28 | 5 | 24 | 64 | 49 | 63 | 46 | 25 | 55 | -- |
| Chimney Swift | 19 | 8 | 224 | 39 | 73 | 52 | 42 | 6 | 37 | -- |
| Ruby-thr. Hummingbird | 5 | 7 | 23 | 11 | 12 | 6 | 12 | 5 | 10 | -- |
| Belted Kingfisher | 3 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 | -- |
| Red-headed Woodpecker | 19 | 26 | 23 | 55 | 24 | 31 | 12 | 31 | 31 | -- |
| Red-bellied Woodpecker | 37 | 43 | 37 | 68 | 74 | 69 | 37 | 46 | 60 | -- |
| Yellow-bellied Sapsucker | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Downy Woodpecker | 15 | 14 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 15 | 9 | 16 | 16 | -- |
| Hairy Woodpecker | 5 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 11 | -- | 4 | 8 | -- |
| Red-cockaded Woodpecker | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Northern Flicker | 21 | 10 | 24 | 30 | 18 | 40 | 10 | 21 | 12 | -- |
| Pileated Woodpecker | 29 | 12 | 30 | 42 | 37 | 46 | 33 | 24 | 33 | -- |
| American Kestrel | 3 | 4 | 11 | 13 | 11 | 13 | 9 | 14 | 6 | -- |
| Merlin | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 1 | -- |
| Peregrine Falcon | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 1 | -- |
| Year | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
| Olive-sided Flycatcher | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 1 | -- | -- | 1 | -- |
| Eastern Wood-Pewee | 8 | 20 | 8 | 13 | 89 | 44 | 15 | -- | 2 | -- |
| Acadian Flycatcher | 2 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 11 | 12 | 4 | -- | 1 | -- |
| Willow Flycatcher | -- | -- | 1 | -- | 6 | 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Least Flycatcher | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Eastern Phoebe | 36 | 22 | 79 | 93 | 59 | 40 | 56 | 40 | 31 | -- |
| Great Cr. Flycatcher | 27 | 21 | 34 | 32 | 56 | 41 | 39 | 3 | 13 | -- |
| Eastern Kingbird | 29 | 19 | 60 | 61 | 60 | 78 | 52 | 30 | 48 | -- |
| Loggerhead Shrike | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| White-eyed Vireo | 33 | 32 | 84 | 68 | 87 | 82 | 103 | 41 | 94 | -- |
| Yellow-throated Vireo | 17 | 21 | 19 | 18 | 28 | 41 | 33 | 12 | 37 | -- |
| Blue-headed Vireo | 6 | 11 | 24 | 31 | 16 | 44 | 11 | 14 | 11 | -- |
| Warbling Vireo | -- | 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Philadelphia Vireo | -- | -- | 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Red-eyed Vireo | 209 | 183 | 278 | 391 | 580 | 504 | 370 | 80 | 163 | -- |
| Blue Jay | 62 | 85 | 144 | 148 | 71 | 120 | 76 | 98 | 80 | -- |
| American Crow | 171 | 101 | 277 | 303 | 224 | 298 | 206 | 217 | 179 | -- |
| Horned Lark | 2 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | -- |
| Purple Martin | 67 | 44 | 82 | 122 | 144 | 146 | 76 | 30 | 53 | -- |
| Tree Swallow | 43 | 27 | 75 | 110 | 58 | 106 | 48 | 118 | 126 | -- |
| N. Rough-winged Swallow | 68 | 34 | 83 | 72 | 22 | 54 | 20 | 42 | 39 | -- |
| Bank Swallow | 5 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 2 | 2 | -- | -- |
| Cliff Swallow | 3 | -- | 8 | 6 | -- | 4 | -- | 3 | 1 | -- |
| Barn Swallow | 108 | 100 | 282 | 316 | 204 | 300 | 152 | 155 | 94 | -- |
| Year | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
| Carolina Chickadee | 124 | 79 | 128 | 107 | 98 | 104 | 93 | 85 | 82 | -- |
| Tufted Titmouse | 75 | 138 | 191 | 180 | 167 | 163 | 117 | 169 | 170 | -- |
| Red-breasted Nuthatch | -- | 1 | -- | -- | -- | 1 | -- | 4 | -- | -- |
| White-breasted Nuthatch | 28 | 25 | 39 | 28 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 24 | 26 | -- |
| Brown Creeper | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 1 | -- | -- |
| House Wren | 17 | 24 | 18 | 13 | 15 | 18 | 23 | 11 | 18 | -- |
| Winter Wren | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 1 | -- | -- |
| Carolina Wren | 118 | 76 | 130 | 139 | 128 | 136 | 130 | 77 | 121 | -- |
| Bewick's Wren | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Golden-crowned Kinglet | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 1 | -- | -- |
| Ruby-crowned Kinglet | 6 | 1 | 5 | 6 | -- | -- | 4 | 10 | 2 | -- |
| Blue-gray Gnatcatcher | 70 | 70 | 169 | 143 | 133 | 158 | 127 | 96 | 91 | -- |
| Eastern Bluebird | 104 | 56 | 168 | 177 | 138 | 192 | 144 | 129 | 92 | -- |
| Veery | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | -- | 3 | -- | -- | 1 | -- |
| Gray-cheeked Thrush | -- | -- | 1 | -- | -- | 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Swainson's Thrush | -- | -- | 4 | 9 | 9 | 19 | 2 | -- | -- | -- |
| Hermit Thrush | -- | -- | -- | 1 | -- | -- | -- | 2 | 2 | -- |
| Wood Thrush | 69 | 92 | 99 | 119 | 81 | 97 | 62 | 20 | 34 | -- |
| American Robin | 300 | 132 | 512 | 486 | 406 | 525 | 410 | 341 | 172 | -- |
| Gray Catbird | 16 | 10 | 19 | 41 | 17 | 26 | 26 | 2 | 8 | -- |
| Brown Thrasher | 44 | 27 | 60 | 80 | 69 | 82 | 52 | 35 | 40 | -- |
| Northern Mockingbird | 47 | 43 | 59 | 86 | 71 | 140 | 88 | 52 | 53 | -- |
| European Starling | 379 | 156 | 988 | 698 | 663 | 625 | 425 | 404 | 491 | -- |
| Cedar Waxwing | 16 | 2 | 2 | 57 | 343 | 19 | 104 | 40 | -- | -- |
| Year | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
| Ovenbird | 100 | 90 | 147 | 197 | 144 | 183 | 133 | 23 | 97 | -- |
| Worm-eating Warbler | 13 | 16 | 12 | 17 | 16 | 18 | 20 | 7 | 9 | -- |
| Louisiana Waterthrush | 8 | 10 | 19 | 6 | 7 | 16 | 7 | 4 | 5 | -- |
| Northern Waterthrush | 1 | 2 | 5 | 1 | -- | 6 | -- | 1 | 1 | -- |
| Golden-winged Warbler | -- | -- | -- | -- | 3 | 2 | 1 | -- | -- | -- |
| Blue-winged Warbler | 2 | -- | 5 | 7 | 5 | 11 | 9 | 2 | 3 | -- |
| Black-and-white Warbler | 58 | 49 | 92 | 92 | 85 | 84 | 104 | 35 | 39 | -- |
| Swainson's Warbler | -- | -- | 1 | 1 | -- | 4 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Tennessee Warbler | -- | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 11 | 3 | -- | -- | -- |
| Nashville Warbler | 1 | 2 | -- | -- | 1 | 2 | 1 | -- | 1 | -- |
| Connecticut Warbler | -- | 1 | -- | -- | 1 | 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Mourning Warbler | -- | -- | -- | -- | 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Kentucky Warbler | 22 | 22 | 31 | 31 | 55 | 29 | 37 | 5 | 18 | -- |
| Common Yellowthroat | 67 | 67 | 127 | 90 | 108 | 125 | 125 | 20 | 58 | -- |
| Hooded Warbler | 105 | 103 | 140 | 143 | 164 | 168 | 179 | 56 | 125 | -- |
| American Redstart | 14 | 14 | 11 | 13 | 25 | 32 | 19 | 12 | 20 | -- |
| Cape May Warbler | 2 | 1 | 5 | 7 | 4 | 20 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -- |
| Cerulean Warbler | 5 | 17 | 8 | 11 | 9 | 12 | 6 | 2 | 3 | -- |
| Northern Parula | 10 | 15 | 22 | 29 | 28 | 21 | 25 | 20 | 17 | -- |
| Magnolia Warbler | 5 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 9 | 5 | -- | 2 | -- |
| Bay-breasted Warbler | -- | -- | 2 | 2 | -- | 3 | -- | -- | 1 | -- |
| Blackburnian Warbler | 1 | -- | 1 | 1 | -- | 4 | 2 | -- | 2 | -- |
| Yellow Warbler | 4 | 6 | 12 | 7 | 3 | 18 | 11 | -- | 8 | -- |
| Chestnut-sided Warbler | 15 | 17 | 12 | 14 | 8 | 25 | 6 | -- | 3 | -- |
| Blackpoll Warbler | 3 | 4 | 11 | 19 | 20 | 42 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Black-throated Blue Warbler | 1 | 1 | 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 1 | -- |
| Palm Warbler | 8 | 5 | 13 | 9 | -- | 17 | 4 | 5 | 13 | -- |
| Pine Warbler | 12 | 16 | 36 | 25 | 35 | 21 | 24 | 26 | 24 | -- |
| Yellow-rumped Warbler | 97 | 7 | 21 | 8 | 1 | 33 | 39 | 19 | 40 | -- |
| Yellow-throated Warbler | 24 | 37 | 41 | 61 | 88 | 56 | 55 | 27 | 43 | -- |
| Prairie Warbler | 52 | 19 | 141 | 84 | 116 | 82 | 103 | 55 | 121 | -- |
| Black-throated Green Warbler | 16 | 14 | 17 | 18 | 14 | 33 | 19 | 4 | 15 | -- |
| Canada Warbler | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 1 | 1 | -- | -- | -- |
| Yellow-breasted Chat | 57 | 21 | 95 | 89 | 153 | 104 | 105 | 6 | 45 | -- |
| Year | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
| Eastern Towhee | 91 | 89 | 219 | 203 | 134 | 122 | 100 | 88 | 77 | -- |
| Bachman's Sparrow | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Chipping Sparrow | 103 | 70 | 206 | 198 | 181 | 166 | 156 | 100 | 127 | -- |
| Field Sparrow | 75 | 94 | 233 | 98 | 125 | 127 | 107 | 67 | 72 | -- |
| Vesper Sparrow | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 1 | -- | -- |
| Savannah Sparrow | 33 | 22 | 33 | 16 | 8 | 13 | 10 | 5 | 23 | -- |
| Grasshopper Sparrow | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 18 | 12 | 11 | 2 | 9 | -- |
| Henslow's Sparrow | -- | 8 | 12 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Song Sparrow | 141 | 176 | 180 | 264 | 158 | 208 | 149 | 106 | 92 | -- |
| Lincoln's Sparrow | 1 | 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Swamp Sparrow | 5 | 9 | 6 | -- | -- | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | -- |
| White-throated Sparrow | 15 | 5 | 12 | 21 | -- | 3 | 14 | 38 | 16 | -- |
| White-crowned Sparrow | 2 | 10 | 3 | 4 | -- | 3 | -- | 6 | 1 | -- |
| Summer Tanager | 1 | 4 | 6 | 28 | 5 | 70 | 5 | 1 | 2 | -- |
| Scarlet Tanager | 38 | 65 | 66 | 82 | 77 | 110 | 61 | 11 | 33 | -- |
| Northern Cardinal | 127 | 124 | 324 | 309 | 230 | 254 | 214 | 197 | 162 | -- |
| Rose-breasted Grosbeak | 15 | 43 | 15 | 28 | 2 | 14 | 14 | 8 | 23 | -- |
| Blue Grosbeak | 7 | 12 | 14 | 15 | 29 | 39 | 30 | 3 | 6 | -- |
| Indigo Bunting | 122 | 137 | 237 | 229 | 505 | 431 | 306 | 10 | 34 | -- |
| Dickcissel | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Bobolink | 13 | 16 | 8 | 45 | -- | 16 | 2 | -- | 1 | -- |
| Red-winged Blackbird | 202 | 181 | 356 | 530 | 270 | 448 | 381 | 162 | 245 | -- |
| Eastern Meadowlark | 76 | 73 | 203 | 291 | 237 | 227 | 299 | 133 | 105 | -- |
| Common Grackle | 84 | 71 | 141 | 144 | 84 | 113 | 59 | 70 | 97 | -- |
| Brown-headed Cowbird | 72 | 78 | 211 | 142 | 108 | 88 | 74 | 55 | 36 | -- |
| Orchard Oriole | 14 | 15 | 26 | 45 | 23 | 50 | 28 | 1 | 9 | -- |
| Baltimore Oriole | 8 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 4 | -- | 2 | -- |
| Purple Finch | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| House Finch | 30 | 26 | 42 | 37 | 30 | 59 | 33 | 45 | 29 | -- |
| Pine Siskin | -- | -- | 1 | 37 | -- | 2 | -- | 4 | -- | -- |
| American Goldfinch | 92 | 85 | 214 | 141 | 80 | 142 | 109 | 146 | 115 | -- |
| Evening Grosbeak | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| House Sparrow | 40 | 24 | 91 | 127 | 106 | 91 | 56 | 29 | 42 | -- |
| Total Individuals | 4973 | 4104 | 9177 | 9369 | 8638 | 9418 | 7091 | 4724 | 5201 | -- |
| Total Species | 132 | 128 | 140 | 137 | 121 | 140 | 128 | 132 | 133 | -- |
| Year | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
Table 2. Results of Four Historical Cumberland County Spring Bird Counts; the species list conforms to the list in Table 1.
| Year | 1962 | 1965 | 1966 | 1993 |
| Date (early May) | 5–6 | 3 | 7–8 | 8 |
| Number Field Observers | NA | 4 | 175 | 6 |
| Number Field Parties | NA | 1 | NA | 1–2 |
| Number Feederwatchers | NA | 0 | NA | 0 |
| Start CDT | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| End CDT | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Hours on Foot | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Hours by Car | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Total Party Hours | NA | NA | NA | 16 |
| Miles on Foot | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Miles by Car | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Total Party Miles | NA | NA | NA | 176 |
| Owling Hours | NA | 0 | NA | 0 |
| Owling Miles | NA | 0 | NA | 0 |
| Feederwatching Hours | NA | 0 | NA | 0 |
| Low Temperature (F) | NA | NA | NA | 55 |
| High Temperature (F) | NA | NA | NA | 89 |
| Wind Direction | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Wind Speed (mph) | NA | NA | NA | 0 |
| Sky AM | NA | NA | NA | clear |
| Sky PM | NA | NA | NA | clear |
| Precipitation AM | NA | NA | NA | none |
| Precipitation PM | NA | NA | NA | none |
| Compiler | RN | LH | JTT | CS |
| Total Species | 134 | 92 | 130 | 89 |
| Year | 1962 | 1965 | 1966 | 1993 |
| Snow Goose,white morph | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Snow Goose, blue morph | 1 | -- | -- | -- |
| Canada Goose | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Mute Swan | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Wood Duck | 5 | 2 | 3 | -- |
| Gadwall | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| American Wigeon | -- | 1 | -- | -- |
| Mallard | 2 | -- | -- | -- |
| Blue-winged Teal | 1 | 1 | -- | -- |
| Ring-necked Duck | -- | -- | 1 | -- |
| Lesser Scaup | 2 | -- | 3 | -- |
| Bufflehead | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Hooded Merganser | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Red-breasted Merganser | -- | -- | 2 | -- |
| Ruddy Duck | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Northern Bobwhite | 36 | 5 | 30 | 1 |
| Ruffed Grouse | 5 | 2 | 2 | -- |
| Wild Turkey | 3 | -- | -- | -- |
| Common Loon | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Pied-billed Grebe | 1 | -- | 1 | -- |
| Double-crested Cormorant | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Great Blue Heron | 1 | -- | -- | 1 |
| Great Egret | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Cattle Egret | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Green Heron | 8 | 2 | 9 | 2 |
| Black-crowned Night-Heron | -- | -- | 1 | -- |
| Yellow-crowned Night-Heron | -- | -- | 2 | -- |
| Year | 1962 | 1965 | 1966 | 1993 |
| Black Vulture | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Turkey Vulture | 9 | 3 | 11 | 6 |
| Osprey | 1 | -- | 1 | -- |
| Bald Eagle | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Northern Harrier | -- | 1 | -- | -- |
| Sharp-shinned Hawk | 2 | -- | -- | 3 |
| Cooper's Hawk | 4 | -- | -- | -- |
| Accipiter sp. | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Red-shouldered Hawk | 6 | -- | -- | 4 |
| Broad-winged Hawk | 12 | 5 | 10 | 5 |
| Red-tailed Hawk | 10 | 3 | 3 | 5 |
| Sora | -- | -- | 1 | -- |
| American Coot | 1 | -- | 4 | -- |
| Killdeer | 19 | -- | 8 | 10 |
| Black-necked Stilt | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Spotted Sandpiper | 11 | -- | 18 | -- |
| Solitary Sandpiper | 2 | 2 | 7 | -- |
| Greater Yellowlegs | -- | -- | 2 | -- |
| Willet | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Lesser Yellowlegs | 5 | -- | 1 | -- |
| Yellowlegs sp. | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Western Sandpiper | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Least Sandpiper | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Peep sp. | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Wilson's Snipe | 1 | -- | -- | -- |
| American Woodcock | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ring-billed Gull | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Gull sp. | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Year | 1962 | 1965 | 1966 | 1993 |
| Rock Pigeon | -- | -- | -- | 30 |
| Eurasian Collared-Dove | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Mourning Dove | 64 | 11 | 20 | 27 |
| Yellow-billed Cuckoo | 7 | -- | 3 | 1 |
| Black-billed Cuckoo | 1 | 2 | 2 | -- |
| Barn Owl | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Eastern Screech-Owl | 1 | -- | 1 | -- |
| Great Horned Owl | 1 | -- | 2 | -- |
| Barred Owl | 2 | -- | 1 | -- |
| Owl sp. | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Common Nighthawk | 6 | -- | 5 | -- |
| Chuck-will's-widow | -- | -- | 1 | -- |
| Eastern Whip-poor-will | 6 | -- | 6 | -- |
| Chimney Swift | 30 | 2 | 70 | 44 |
| Ruby-thr. Hummingbird | 9 | 1 | 12 | 1 |
| Belted Kingfisher | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 |
| Red-headed Woodpecker | 19 | 1 | 75 | 2 |
| Red-bellied Woodpecker | 14 | 2 | 12 | 3 |
| Yellow-bellied Sapsucker | 1 | -- | -- | -- |
| Downy Woodpecker | 20 | 1 | 18 | 1 |
| Hairy Woodpecker | 7 | 1 | 4 | 1 |
| Red-cockaded Woodpecker | 9 | 2 | 3 | -- |
| Northern Flicker | 20 | 4 | 26 | 2 |
| Pileated Woodpecker | 10 | 5 | 12 | 4 |
| American Kestrel | 5 | -- | 1 | -- |
| Merlin | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Peregrine Falcon | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Year | 1962 | 1965 | 1966 | 1993 |
| Olive-sided Flycatcher | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Eastern Wood-Pewee | 34 | 4 | 32 | 9 |
| Acadian Flycatcher | 5 | 2 | 4 | 3 |
| Willow Flycatcher | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Least Flycatcher | 1 | -- | -- | -- |
| Eastern Phoebe | 29 | 5 | 14 | 2 |
| Great Cr. Flycatcher | 50 | 7 | 65 | 1 |
| Eastern Kingbird | 33 | 6 | 21 | 9 |
| Loggerhead Shrike | 6 | 1 | 6 | -- |
| White-eyed Vireo | 18 | 5 | 14 | 2 |
| Yellow-throated Vireo | 17 | 3 | 13 | 13 |
| Blue-headed Vireo | 1 | -- | -- | 1 |
| Warbling Vireo | 2 | -- | -- | 1 |
| Philadelphia Vireo | 1 | -- | -- | -- |
| Red-eyed Vireo | 33 | 16 | 80 | 43 |
| Blue Jay | 76 | 22 | 50 | 20 |
| American Crow | 45 | 8 | 16 | 26 |
| Horned Lark | -- | 1 | 5 | -- |
| Purple Martin | 3 | -- | 20 | 48 |
| Tree Swallow | 1 | -- | -- | 3 |
| N. Rough-winged Swallow | 19 | 3 | 17 | 10 |
| Bank Swallow | -- | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| Cliff Swallow | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Barn Swallow | 26 | 27 | 26 | 73 |
| Year | 1962 | 1965 | 1966 | 1993 |
| Carolina Chickadee | 29 | 5 | 23 | 3 |
| Tufted Titmouse | 73 | 7 | 65 | 9 |
| Red-breasted Nuthatch | 8 | -- | -- | -- |
| White-breasted Nuthatch | 20 | 2 | 12 | 3 |
| Brown Creeper | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| House Wren | -- | -- | -- | 1 |
| Winter Wren | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Carolina Wren | 20 | 3 | 22 | 9 |
| Bewick's Wren | 7 | 5 | 6 | -- |
| Golden-crowned Kinglet | -- | -- | 1 | -- |
| Ruby-crowned Kinglet | 4 | -- | 1 | -- |
| Blue-gray Gnatcatcher | 60 | 11 | 51 | 27 |
| Eastern Bluebird | 39 | 9 | 30 | 14 |
| Veery | 3 | -- | 3 | -- |
| Gray-cheeked Thrush | 1 | -- | 2 | -- |
| Swainson's Thrush | 4 | -- | 5 | -- |
| Hermit Thrush | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Wood Thrush | 33 | 4 | 70 | 10 |
| American Robin | 75 | 8 | 50 | 61 |
| Gray Catbird | 28 | 3 | 15 | 1 |
| Northern Mockingbird | 25 | 3 | 19 | 3 |
| Brown Thrasher | 35 | 7 | 22 | 2 |
| European Starling | 48 | 2 | 37 | 120 |
| Cedar Waxwing | 40 | -- | 12 | 1 |
| Year | 1962 | 1965 | 1966 | 1993 |
| Ovenbird | 47 | 16 | 58 | 27 |
| Worm-eating Warbler | 4 | 4 | 8 | 2 |
| Louisiana Waterthrush | 11 | 3 | 13 | 10 |
| Northern Waterthrush | 1 | -- | -- | -- |
| Golden-winged Warbler | 6 | 7 | 22 | -- |
| Blue-winged Warbler | -- | -- | 3 | 1 |
| Black-and-white Warbler | 24 | 13 | 40 | 8 |
| Swainson's Warbler | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Tennessee Warbler | 8 | 1 | 5 | -- |
| Nashville Warbler | -- | -- | 1 | -- |
| Connecticut Warbler | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Mourning Warbler | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Kentucky Warbler | 11 | 3 | 14 | 12 |
| Common Yellowthroat | 35 | 9 | 35 | 10 |
| Hooded Warbler | 11 | 10 | 35 | 15 |
| American Redstart | 9 | 1 | 10 | 1 |
| Cape May Warbler | 20 | 2 | 15 | -- |
| Cerulean Warbler | -- | -- | 7 | -- |
| Northern Parula | 9 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Magnolia Warbler | 1 | -- | 4 | -- |
| Bay-breasted Warbler | 5 | -- | 6 | -- |
| Blackburnian Warbler | 4 | -- | 5 | 1 |
| Yellow Warbler | 18 | 2 | 11 | 2 |
| Chestnut-sided Warbler | 5 | 4 | 6 | 2 |
| Blackpoll Warbler | 13 | -- | 65 | 1 |
| Black-throated Blue Warbler | 2 | -- | -- | -- |
| Palm Warbler | 16 | 2 | 7 | -- |
| Pine Warbler | 19 | 4 | 7 | 5 |
| Yellow-rumped Warbler | 34 | 7 | 19 | -- |
| Yellow-throated Warbler | 11 | 7 | 20 | 8 |
| Prairie Warbler | 76 | 23 | 36 | 29 |
| Black-throated Green Warbler | 7 | 3 | 10 | 5 |
| Canada Warbler | -- | -- | 1 | -- |
| Yellow-breasted Chat | 45 | 9 | 31 | 2 |
| Year | 1962 | 1965 | 1966 | 1993 |
| Eastern Towhee | 36 | 14 | 18 | 6 |
| Bachman's Sparrow | 1 | 2 | 4 | -- |
| Chipping Sparrow | 54 | 7 | 40 | 22 |
| Field Sparrow | 49 | 3 | 28 | 14 |
| Vesper Sparrow | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Savannah Sparrow | 2 | -- | 18 | -- |
| Grasshopper Sparrow | 5 | 1 | 6 | -- |
| Henslow's Sparrow | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Song Sparrow | 8 | 4 | 11 | 46 |
| Lincoln's Sparrow | -- | -- | 1 | -- |
| Swamp Sparrow | 3 | -- | -- | -- |
| White-throated Sparrow | 27 | 2 | 20 | -- |
| White-crowned Sparrow | 6 | -- | -- | 1 |
| Summer Tanager | 19 | 6 | 14 | 6 |
| Scarlet Tanager | 51 | 7 | 43 | 4 |
| Northern Cardinal | 37 | 5 | 30 | 14 |
| Rose-breasted Grosbeak | 19 | 3 | 11 | 2 |
| Blue Grosbeak | -- | -- | -- | 1 |
| Indigo Bunting | 57 | 24 | 47 | 53 |
| Dickcissel | -- | -- | 2 | -- |
| Bobolink | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Red-winged Blackbird | 71 | 20 | 115 | 36 |
| Eastern Meadowlark | 80 | 8 | 75 | 29 |
| Common Grackle | 43 | 6 | 44 | 37 |
| Brown-headed Cowbird | 27 | 5 | 35 | 7 |
| Orchard Oriole | 9 | 6 | 13 | 1 |
| Baltimore Oriole | 10 | 1 | 6 | -- |
| Purple Finch | -- | -- | 2 | -- |
| House Finch | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Pine Siskin | -- | -- | 7 | -- |
| American Goldfinch | 254 | 3 | 65 | 8 |
| Evening Grosbeak | 10 | -- | -- | -- |
| House Sparrow | 26 | 1 | 40 | 30 |
| Total Individuals | 2698 | -- | -- | -- |
| Total Species | 134 | 92 | 130 | 89 |
| Year | 1962 | 1965 | 1966 | 1993 |
Richard Nevius (RN) compiled the Tennessee Spring Bird Counts (SBC) in 1962 (Nevius 1962) and therefore had a large part in the compiling of the the Cumberland County SBC (resulting from field work of attendees at the spring 1962 meeting of the Tennessee Ornithological Society [TOS] held in Crossville); Lee Herndon was compiler of the "SBC" (accumulated by four persons in one party) in Cumberland County (mainly in Catoosa Wildlife Management Area) in 1965 (Anonymous 1965a); James T. Tanner compiled the SBC in Cumberland County in 1966 (Anonymous 1966a), which was conducted in conjunction with the spring 1966 meeting of the TOS at Cumberland Mountain State Park and was focused mainly on field trips to Black Mountain, the Catoosa WMA, and Lake Tansi; Candy Swan (CS) was the compiler of the SBC in Cumberland County in 1993 (McWhirter 1993b); Joseph E. Mast (JEM)—with considerable assistance from various others—compiled the SBCs in Cumberland County in 2006 and 2007, and he became the secondary compiler of the count when Edmund K. LeGrand became the primary compiler in 2008 and thereafter.
Literature Cited
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