Department of English, Box 5053
Tennessee Technological University
Cookeville, TN 38505

sstedman@tntech.edu

Introduction

Autumn weather was fairly warm in the UCR, especially later in the season, imitating the general meteorological pattern experienced during the fall of 2002.  After a normally hot August and September, October remained mostly warmer than the norm with only a few nights when light frost occurred.  Rainfall in late September and throughout October was lower than the norm, and for many species of trees leaf-fall was delayed into early November, in the latter case again imitating the conditions experienced during the preceding autumn.  Several periods of drizzly or rainy weather in November furnished suitable conditions for concentrating waterfowl and other waterbirds; some nice records coincided with or followed these weather events.

    A minor manner in which this report differs from all previous reports for the UCR (or anywhere else) involves the order of the species discussed.  As a result of changes presented in the 44th Supplement to the AOU Check-list pf North American Birds (Banks et al. 2003), the so-called Galloanseres (i.e., gallinaceous species and waterfowl) are now to be placed at the beginning of all lists of North American birds, and they are so placed hereinafter.

    As has become customary in Regional reports concerning the spring and fall migration seasons for the past couple of years, this report focuses to a considerable degree on the arrival and departure dates for migrant species occurring in the Region.  Information about the periods of occurrence for most members of the moveable avifauna in the Upper Cumberland is not yet robust.  Consequently, the collection of these dates will probably proceed for several more years, so that some degree of confidence about the exact timing of occurrence of all common, fairly common, and uncommon migrant species can be gained.  Besides a set of arrival and departure dates compiled for Putnam County, Tennessee (see this link--

• http://iweb.tntech.edu/sstedman/EarlyLateDates.htm

--for details) and a set of less robust dates for the BSFNRRA and OWSR (Stedman and Stedman 2002), there are only scattered published dates in the journals of the KOS and TOS to work with in attempting to create a set of arrival and departure dates for the entire Region.  However, progress toward reducing the number of counties without such a set of dates--and increasing the ability to provide a set of dates for the entire Region--occurred this season because a fairly comprehensive set of arrival and departure dates for Pulaski County, Kentucky, is in the process of being compiled, and this set should be available for reference soon. A summary of arrival and departure dates in the UCR this fall is provided at this link:

• http://iweb.tntech.edu/sstedman/Fall2003ArrivalDepartureDatesUCR.htm

    Two Fall Bird Counts were conducted in the Region, taking place on the third Saturday of September in Morgan (Hoff 2004a) and Putnam counties, Tennessee, where 57 and 111 species were tabulated, respectively.  Full results of the Putnam County FBC are available at this website:

• Putnam County Fall Bird Count 2003

    Few truly rare species put in appearances Regionally this fall before November.  An individual of the white form of Great Blue Heron was present during October in DeKalb County, Tennessee, for the second consecutive autumn, but the duration of its appearance was considerably shorter than the duration of appearance of last year's bird, which remained for over a month and a half.  Sightings of Sanderling, Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, and Lark Sparrow in Pulaski County, Kentucky, during September also provided some excitement during the season, but, by and large, the focus of the Regional field work accomplished during August through October fell on species that are not so rare. Since our knowledge of the commoner species in the Region is still far from complete, perhaps it is just as well that they are the ones that were focused on by fieldworkers during the season and by this report about the season.  However, starting in early November two species that are now almost annual rarities in the Region appeared, Red-throated Loon and Black Scoter; less regular in appearance are Greater White-fronted Geese, so the detection of a moderate-sized flock in mid-November and a single bird in late November was noteworthy.  Golden Eagle, Ross's Goose, and Snow Bunting conclude the list of seldom seen members of the avifauna that were found Regionally this season, all being detected in late November.

Acknowledgments

Thanks are extended to all the field observers whose records are cited below.  Observers who are able to support their sightings with photographs (Terry Campbell and Judy Fuson in this report) are especially thanked for their submissions.

Abbreviations and Symbols

* = documentation provided for sighting; BSFNRRA = Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area; DBNF = Daniel Boone National Forest; FBC = Fall Bird Count; KOS = Kentucky Ornithological Society; OWSR = Obed Wild and Scenic River; TOS = Tennessee Ornithological Society; UCR = Upper Cumberland Region; WMA = Wildlife Management Area.

Waterfowl through Gallinaceous Species

A flock of 24 Greater White-fronted Geese near the Celina Wastewater Treatment Plant, Clay Co., TN, 15 November 2003 (SJS, CDW, NSL, DAD) provided the first record for that county and one of the largest numbers ever noted Regionally; seven White-fronts were seen again at the same site 17 November 2003 (TMC).  A lone White-front at the Southeastern Tennessee State Regional Correctional Facility, Bledsoe Co., TN, 30 November 2003 (SJS, WAW) provided perhaps only the second record for that county.

    The first Snow Geese of the season included eight on Barren River Reservoir, Barren Co., KY, 14 November 2003 (DLR).  A single immature of the white form of Snow Goose associating with a flock of Canada Geese was discovered and nicely photographed at the Celina Wastewater Treatment Plant, Clay Co., TN, 17 November 2003 (TMC photo). Two white form birds (1 adult and 1 immature) were at the Swafford Pond, and six blue form birds (3 adults and 3 immatures) were at the Southeastern Tennessee State Regional Correctional Facility, both sightings occurring 30 November 2003 in Bledsoe Co., TN (SJS, WAW).

    An adult Ross's Goose was studied at the Southeastern Tennessee State Regional Correctional Facility, Bledsoe Co., TN, 30 November 2003 (SJS, WAW), probably constituting a first record for that county.

    The earliest Gadwall Regionally was a female at Burgess Falls State Natural Area, Putnam Co., TN, found during the Putnam County FBC 20 September 2003 (SJS, CDW, NSL, TMC).

    The Region's first American Wigeons of the season included 10 at the Floating Mill Recreation Area, Center Hill Lake, DeKalb Co., TN (SJS), and an unspecified number on Barren River Reservoir, Barren Co., KY (DLR), both 7 November 2003.

    The earliest American Black Duck of the season was a single at the Waitsboro Recreation Area, Lake Cumberland, Pulaski Co., KY, 6 November 2003 (RMD).  Another single about a mile below the confluence of White Oak Creek and Clear Fork, BSFNRRA, Scott Co., TN, 8 November 2003 (BHS) provided the first record for that park.

    Earliest Blue-winged Teal of the season Regionally were nine at Cane Creek Park, Putnam Co., TN,  22 August 2003 (SJS) and 20 the same day at Clifty Pond, Pulaski Co., KY (RMD); a latish Blue-wing was noted 18 October 2003 at the Billingsley Farm near the Scott County Airport, Scott Co., TN (NM, WAW, SJS); an even later Blue-wing was reported from Cooley's Pond, Wayne Co., KY, 29 October 2003 (RMD); latest of all reports Regionally was a record of four on Barren River Reservoir, Barren Co., KY, 7 November 2003 (DLR).

    A female Northern Shoveler on the lake in Cane Creek Park, Putnam Co., TN, 24 August 2003 (SJS photo) was earliest Regionally this season and the earliest ever in Putnam County during fall by five days.

    The earliest Northern Pintail was sighted in the Walnut Creek area of Barren River Reservoir, Barren/Allen counties, KY, 16 November 2003 (DLR).

    Earliest Regionally this season, a Green-winged Teal appeared among a flock of Blue-winged Teal at Clifty Pond, Pulaski Co., KY, 22 August 2003 (RMD).

    The earliest Canvasback showed up at Mason's Island, Barren River Reservoir, Allen/Barren counties, KY, 7 November 2003 (DLR).

    Five Redheads at the Floating Mill Recreation Area, Center Hill Lake, DeKalb Co., TN, 7 November 2003 (SJS) and an unspecified number on Barren River Reservoir, Barren Co., KY, the same day (DLR) were the first of the season to be reported in the Region.  Eleven were present on Harvest Farm Lake, Warren Co., TN, 22 November 2003 (SJS et al.)

    Seven Ring-necked Ducks on Lake Elizabeth, Oneida, Scott Co., TN, 18 October 2003 (NM, WAW, SJS) provided the earliest report Regionally this season.  Three Ring-necks near Burnt Mill Bridge on Clear Fork, BSFNRRA, Scott Co., TN, 8 November 2003 (BHS) provided the first record for that park.

    Greater Scaups are infrequently encountered Regionally and also present some identification problems.  One appeared at the Waitsboro Recreation Area, Lake Cumberland, Pulaski Co., KY, 6 November 2003 (RMD), representing the earliest arrival of the fall Regionally, while four were counted near Mason's Island, Barren River Reservoir, Allen/Barren counties, KY, 7 November 2003 (DLR).

    Earliest this fall Regionally were ten Lesser Scaups at Cane Creek Park, Putnam Co., TN, 5 November 2003 (SJS, WAW, JaF).

    Surf Scoters appeared during and just after the inclement weather of the early November.  Nine were present near Goose Island, Barren River Reservoir, Barren Co., KY, 7 November 2003 (DLR), and three were noted at the Fishing Creek Recreation Area, Lake Cumberland, Pulaski Co., KY, 9 November 2003 (RMD).

    Always rare Regionally, a Black Scoter was identified at the Fishing Creek Recreation Area, Lake Cumberland, Pulaski Co., KY, 9 November 2003 (RMD), in the aftermath of the drizzly weather a few days before.

    Earliest Regionally this fall, a Bufflehead was noted in Pulaski Co., KY, 6 November 2003 (RMD).

    A female Common Goldeneye at the Macedonia Pond, White Co., TN, 14 November 2003 (SJS, DAD) was the first encountered Regionally this season.

    The early arrival date for Hooded Merganser this fall Regionally was 25 October 2003, when a male was observed at Macedonia Pond, White Co., TN (SJS, WAW).  Eight Hoodies near Burnt Mill Bridge on Clear Fork, BSFNRRA, Scott Co., TN, 8 November 2003 (BHS) provided the first record for that park.

    Red-breasted Mergansers were first reported Regionally this fall when they appeared on Barren River Reservoir, Barren  Co., KY, 7 November 2003 (DLR).  Forty-five on Harvest Farm Lake, Warren Co., TN, 22 November 2003 (SJS et al.) probably provided the first record for that county.

    Appearing just one day later than the early fall date for the county were five Ruddy Ducks at Cane Creek Park, Putnam Co., TN, 5 October 2003 (SJS), the first of the season  to be reported Regionally.

    All too few data relating to Ruffed Grouse are submitted during most seasons in the UCR, making assessment of the status of this fine species difficult.  One was reported in the BSFNRRA, McCreary Co., KY, 1 November 2003 (RMD, JD), and another single was noted in the OWSR, Morgan Co., TN, 20 November 2003 (BHS).  More records would be desirable.

    The population of Wild Turkeys in the UCR continues to increase dramatically, a status that was given modest support by the counting of 19 during the 20 September 2003 during the Putnam County, TN, FBC (SJS), a number that established a new one-day high count for the species in that county.

Loon through Night-Heron

An adult Red-throated Loon was videotaped on Barren River Reservoir, Barren Co., KY, 7 November 2003 (DLR); this lake is clearly the most regular one in the Region to harbor this scarce loon.

    An alternate-plumaged Common Loon on Center Hill Lake, DeKalb Co., TN, 5 & 20 August 2003 (CDW) provided the first record of the season Regionally and accorded well with records made in Kentucky during early August 2002.  The next Regional reports came from the same site where a basic-plumaged loon was present 19 October 2003 (CDW, DW, SJS) and from the Waitsboro Recreation Area, Lake Cumberland, Pulaski Co., KY, 27 October 2003 (RMD).  The inclement weather experienced 6-7 November 2003 resulted in a fall-out of loons on Barren River Reservoir, Barren/Allen counties, KY, on the latter date, when 1342 were counted (DLR), considerably exceeding the high numbers reported at the same site last fall; on 19 November 2003 only two loons were counted on the same reservoir (DLR).  Eighty near Lilydale, Dale Hollow Lake, Clay Co., TN, 15 November 2003 (SJS et al.) represented a more expected number.  A single loon on Mill Creek Lake, Tompkinsville, Monroe Co., KY, 16 November 2003 (SJS, WAW) probably provided the first record from that county.

    Earliest this fall Regionally were three Horned Grebes at the Floating Mill Recreation Area, Center Hill Lake, DeKalb Co., TN, 10 October 2003 (SJS).  About 150 Horned Grebes were counted on Barren River Reservoir, Barren Co., KY, 7 November 2003 (DLR).  A single on the lake in Oneida City Park, Oneida, Scott Co., TN, 15 November 2003 (NM, JM) probably provided the first record for that county

    A nest of Great Blue Heron with 2-3 large young was noted 5 August 2003 at the Hurricane Boat Dock, Center Hill Lake, DeKalb Co., TN (CDW, DW); the nest was no longer active 20 August 2003 (CDW, DW).  A count of 28 Great Blues was made 27 September 2003 during a trip by boat on the Cumberland River from Burksville, Cumberland Co., KY, to a point a couple of miles upriver from the Creelsboro Arch, Russell Co., KY (SJS, WAW, TMC).  A "Great White Heron," the rare color form of Great Blue Heron, was observed standing on an old Great Blue Heron nest in a tree on Moss Island near the Floating Mill Recreation Area, Center Hill Lake, DeKalb Co., TN, 19 October 2003 (CDW, DW, SJS); a "normal" Great Blue chased the Great White from the nest.  This observation suggests that the Great White Heron seen at the Happy Hollow Boat Ramp on the Caney Fork River, DeKalb/Putnam/Smith counties, last fall (see the Fall 2002 UCR Bird Report) may still be in the area and looking to establish a nest site.

   Single Great Egrets were noted 14-17 August 2003 at Pumphouse Pond, Pulaski Co., KY (RMD) and 16 August 2003 near Wago, Clinton Co., KY (SJS, WAW).  Three were also noted in eastern Putnam County during the FBC 20 September 2003 (BHS). See the Summer 2003 UCR Bird Report for other records of post-breeding dispersal in the Region.

    Seen circling over a pod of gulls preparing to roost the night of 19 November 2003 on the open water of Barren River Reservoir, Barren Co., KY (DLR), a Cattle Egret provided the only record of the fall Regionally and 16th ever Regionally; it was eventually chased away from the gull congregation by a Ring-billed Gull.

   A juvenile or immature Yellow-crowned Night-Heron was present in a small marsh in Algood, Putnam Co., TN, 4 August 2003 (SJS photo); this bird was possibly the result of local nesting; by early November all the vegetation in this supposedly protected marsh had been removed by bulldozing.  A subadult was present just below the dam at Burgess Falls State Natural Area, Putnam Co., TN, during the FBC in that county 20 September 2003 (SJS, CDW, NSL, TMC), providing the last report of the season Regionally.

Diurnal Raptors through Crane

An Osprey lingered at the Fishing Creek Recreation Area, Lake Cumberland, Pulaski Co., KY, until 3 November 2003 (RMD), providing the late fall date this season Regionally.

    An adult Bald Eagle seen about one-half km upriver from Alum Ford, BSFNRRA, McCreary Co., KY, 10 November 2003 (MB) provided one of very few convincing records for that park; most Bald Eagle records in the park have come from the Kentucky portion, so an adult photographed 22 November 2003 at the confluence of the New River and Clear Fork, BSFNRRA, Scott Co., TN (fide LS) was quite exciting; see the Winter 2003-2004 UCR Bird Report for a possibly related record, as well as the Spring 2004 UCR Bird Report for other possibly related records.  Also of great interest was an adult Bald Eagle on the Obed River about 2 km upstream from the confluence with Clear Creek, OWSR, Morgan Co., TN, 22 November 2003 (BHS), the first record for this park.

    Earliest this fall Regionally was a Northern Harrier at the McCreary County Airport, McCreary Co., KY, 11 October 2003 (RMD, TBM, LMM, GC).  Another single appeared in Jackson Co., TN, 18 October 2003 (NSL).  Three harriers, including an adult male and two brown individuals, were sighted at the Bridgestone/Firestone Centennial Wilderness, White Co., TN, 25 October 2003 (SJS, WAW).  Singles were also reported on Student's Home Rd. in DeKalb Co., TN, 25, 26 and 28 October 2003 (JCF); in Wayne Co., KY, 29 October 2003 (RMD); on Ball Hill Rd. in Putnam Co., TN, 8 November 2003 (SJS et al.); in northern White Co., TN, along Rt. 111 on 9 November 2003 (SJS); on Rt. 111 in northern Overton Co., TN, 15 November 2003 (DAD, SJS, CDW, NSL, JCF, TM, MM, MH); on Rt. 294 in northern Overton Co., TN, 15 November 2003 (DAD, SJS et al.); at Turkey Neck Bend, Monroe Co., KY, 16 November 2003 (SJS, WAW); near the Scott County Airport, Scott Co., TN, 22 November 2003 (NM); and in Grassy Cove, Cumberland Co., TN, 23 November 2003 (JaF).  Five were found in Bledsoe Co., TN, 30 November 2003 (SJS, WAW), three along Old Rt. 28 parallel to Rt. 127 in the northern part of the county and two (including an adult male) at the Southeastern Tennessee State Regional Correctional Facility in the northwestern part of the county.

   A begging juvenile Cooper's Hawk was discovered 16 August 2003 in Wells Bottom, Clinton Co., KY (SJS, WAW), adding to several Regional breeding records that occurred during Summer 2003.

    Few reports of migrating Broad-winged Hawks are typically submitted each fall Regionally, even though a substantial number of migrant Broad-wings must pass southward through the Region.  This season a flock of 51 was reported 29 September 2003 at the Fishing Creek Recreation Area, Lake Cumberland, Pulaski Co., KY (RMD).

    Golden Eagles tend to be seldom reported Regionally except from Jackson Co., TN, so a near adult or subadult Golden found at the Huntsville Utility District reservoir, Scott Co., TN, 29 November 2003 (JM, NM, SJS) was quite a treat.

    Two Merlins at the Lake Cumberland WMA, Pulaski Co., KY, 2 October 2003 (RMD) provided the only report of the season Regionally.

    Providing a first record for the OWSR was an immature Peregrine Falcon on the Point Trail near the confluence of Clear Creek and the Obed River, Morgan Co., TN, 1 October 2003 (BHS).

    A Sora flushed in front of a hay mower from a field on Toad Road, DeKalb Co., TN, 19 September 2003 (EF fide JF) probably provided the first record for that county.  The same observer flushed rails from other fields in DeKalb County on two additional occasions this fall.

    By six days the earliest ever in Putnam Co., TN, as well as the first reported this season Regionally, were three American Coots at Cane Creek Park 26 September 2003 (SJS).

    For the third consecutive year a Whooping Crane training flight passed southward through the Region on its way to Florida.  This year three ultralight aircraft led 16 Whoopers; the entire contingent was first spotted Regionally in the Bloomington Community of Picket Co., TN, 20 November 2003 (WHG); it proceeded south to Cumberland Co., TN, where it remained until the morning of 25 November 2003 (JaF) before continuing south to Hiwassee and Florida.  Some dispersal of the birds in the training flight occurred on that date, with several ending up, at least temporarily, at sites other than Hiwassee.  However, all birds were eventually guided to Hiwassee that evening.  A few days later the training flight departed the Region for points south and eventually Florida.

    The first reports of southbound Sandhill Cranes were made 28 October 2003 when groups of 38 (RCH) and 75 (fide RCH) were sighted in Pickett Co., TN, and a group of 28 was noted in Cumberland Co., TN (TT, BT).  See below (Table 1) for a list of all reports of southbound cranes this "fall."

Shorebirds through Terns

Quite scarce during fall and earliest Regionally this season, four Semipalmated Plovers visited the Lake Cumberland WMA, Pulaski Co., KY, 1 September 2003 (RDM).

    A gathering of 105 Killdeers at Clifty Pond, Pulaski Co., KY, 15 August 2003 (RMD) represented a good count for that time during the season.  Even larger concentrations sometimes occur from late October into early November.

    See the Summer 2003 UCR Bird Report for the earliest Greater Yellowlegs of the fall Regionally. The last report of the season came 19 November 2003 from Macedonia Pond, White Co., TN (DAD).

    See the Summer 2003 UCR Bird Report for the earliest Lesser Yellowlegs of the fall Regionally.

    See the Summer 2003 UCR Bird Report for the earliest Solitary Sandpiper of the fall Regionally.

    See the Summer 2003 UCR Bird Report for the earliest Spotted Sandpiper of the fall Regionally. The last report of the season was made 27 October 2003 in Pulaski Co., KY (RMD).

    Scarce Regionally and the first of the season reported, a juvenile Sanderling was observed at Fishing Creek Recreation Area, Lake Cumberland, Pulaski Co., KY, 17 September 2003 (RMD).

   A Semipalmated Sandpiper 22 August 2003 at Clifty Pond, Pulaski Co., KY (RMD) was earliest Regionally this season; the latest report of the season came from the same county 24 September 2003 (RMD).

    Two juvenile Western Sandpipers were present in the Lake Cumberland WMA, Pulaski Co., KY, 1 September 2003 (RDM), earliest Regionally this season.

    See the Summer 2003 UCR Bird Report for the earliest Least Sandpiper of the fall Regionally.  The latest report of the season came 6 November 2003 in Pulaski Co., KY (RMD).

    The earliest reported  Pectoral Sandpiper appeared in Pulaski Co., KY, 17 September 2003 (RMD), while the latest individual was seen at Macedonia Pond, White Co., TN, 25 October 2003 (SJS, WAW).

    A Dunlin at the Fishing Creek Recreation Area, Lake Cumberland, Pulaski Co., KY, 28 October 2003 (RMD) provided the first report of the season Regionally; three were also present at that site 1 November 2003 (RMD), a number considerably surpassed by 79 counted there 6 November 2003 (RMD).  A smaller group of 8+ was noted at Macedonia Pond, White Co., TN, 11 November 2003 (DAD), while a single bird persisted at that site to 14 November 2003 (SJS, DAD).  Six at Walnut Creek, Barren River Reservoir, Barren/Allen counties, KY, 16 November 2003 with some persisting to the end of the period (DLR) provided the latest report of the season Regionally (but see the Winter 2003-2004 UCR Bird Report for an even later report from the last site).

    A Stilt Sandpiper showed up at Fishing Creek Recreation Area, Lake Cumberland, Pulaski Co., KY, 17 September 2003 (RMD), the first of the season reported Regionally.

    The first Wilson's Snipe of the season Regionally appeared at Cooley's Pond in Wayne Co., KY, 22 September 2003 (RMD).

    The first Regional report of Bonaparte's Gull came 6 November 2003 from Pulaski Co., KY (RMD).  A Bonaparte's at Harvest Farm Lake, Warren Co., TN, 9 November 2003 (SJS, WAW) probably provided the first record from that county, while thirteen at Mill Creek Lake, Tompkinsville, Monroe Co., KY, 16 November 2003 (SJS, WAW) probably provided the first report from that county.

    A Ring-billed Gull at the Floating Mill Recreation Area, Center Hill Lake, DeKalb Co., TN, 5 October 2003 (SJS) was the first of the season to make an appearance.

    The earliest report of Herring Gull Regionally came from Barren River Reservoir, Barren Co., KY, 28 October 2003, when two were present (DLR); a first-year bird was present at the Floating Mill Recreation Area, Center Hill Lake, DeKalb Co., TN, 10 November 2003 (SJS).

    The only Regional report of Caspian Tern came from Barren River Reservoir, Barren Co., KY, 17 September 2003 (DLR).

    Eight Forster's Terns on Barren River Reservoir, Barren Co., KY, 17 September 2003 (DLR) and six in Adair Co., KY, 27 September 2003 (RMD, LM, AM) provided the only sightingsof the fall Regionally.

    Harassed by Barn Swallows, a Black Tern at Clifty Pond, Pulaski Co., KY, 3 August 2003 (RMD) was the first reported of the fall Regionally.  Three Black Terns were noted at the Fishing Creek Recreation Area, Lake Cumberland, Pulaski Co., KY (RMD), and two latish Black Terns were reported from that site 17 September 2003 (RMD).

Dove through Flycatchers

A few Eurasian Collared-Doves were reported at what can now be deemed to be regular breeding sites.  One was noted at the feed mill in Hiseville, Barren Co., KY, 10 August 2003 (AT, ST), and three were counted one mile from the farmers' co-op in Smithville, DeKalb Co., TN, 12 August 2003 (CDW).  Later in the season three were viewed on Jaybird Rd., Overton Co., TN, 15 November 2003 (SJS et al.), and one was noted near Ninemile, Bledsoe Co., TN, 30 November 2003 (SJS).  No new locations for this increasing exotic were reported during the season.

    The latest Yellow-billed Cuckoo reported Regionally was a bird that struck a window at a home in northern Putnam Co., TN, 2 October 2003 (GKE), allowing for great accuracy in its identification. This species seemed more scarce than it usually is during fall, especially after early September, as indicated by the total of just one bird found on the Putnam County Fall Bird Count 20 September 2003.

    Establishing the first record for Cane Creek Park, Putnam Co., TN, was a Barn Owl heard during the evening of 6 August 2003 (KLM).  An adult with one large, downy young was noted  during the Putnam County FBC 20 September 2003 ( SJS, CDW, NSL, TMC photo); while not an unusually late breeding date for this owl, it was still the latest known for the county.

    The southward migration of Common Nighthawks through the Region was monitored slightly this season. About two dozen were noted 28 August 2003 (c. 1830 CDT) in southern Putnam and northern White counties, TN (SJS); twenty-six were noted 30 August 2003 (c. 1810 EDT) near Barnett Bridge, Morgan Co., TN (JR); two were counted 2 September 2003 (1830 CDT) on Hurricane Ridge Rd., DeKalb Co., TN (VC); sixty-two were counted 8 September 2003 (0615 CDT) at the Cookeville Mall, Putnam Co., TN (WB); ten were counted 8 September 2003 (1815 CDT)  in northern White Co., TN (WB); and twenty-two were counted 9 September 2003 (1820 CDT) in northern White Co., TN (WB).

    Chimney Swifts may have departed the Region a bit earlier than usual this fall.  An evening gathering of 150+ in Cookeville, Putnam Co., TN, 11 September 2003 (GKE) seemed slightly early in the season for such flocks to gather.  Furthermore, the last seasonal reports of swifts all fell in early October rather than the more typical time of departure in mid-October.

    A Selasphorus sp. appeared at a feeder on Cowan Rd., Putnam Co., TN, in early October (Mary Bennett, SJS) and stayed until 30 November 2003 (but see Winter 2003-2004 UCR Bird Report for later dates); it was banded 22 November 2003 (CS, PM) when it was determined to be a hatch-year female Rufous Hummingbird, the first ever identified in Putnam Co., though one county record of Selasphorus sp. exists from late November 1998.  A hummingbird appeared in late fall at a feeder on Aspen Rd., Putnam Co., TN (SH); it was determined to be a Rufous Hummingbird during the next season (see Winter 2003-2004 UCR Bird Report).  A hummingbird that greatly resembled a female Ruby-throated Hummingbird was present 14 November 2003 in the Shenandoah subdivision of eastern Cookeville, Putnam Co., TN (MPO).  An unidentified hummingbird at a feeder in Smith Co., TN, 29 November 2003 (KH) may have been last year's Allen's Hummingbird returning for another winter.

    A count of 10 Red-headed Woodpeckers in the Tompkinsville City Park, Tompkinsville, Monroe Co., KY, 16 November 2003 (SJS, WAW) was moderately noteworthy.

    Rather late for the first-arriving Yellow-bellied Sapsuckers of the season Regionally were singles 6 October 2003 in Jackson (MJH) and Putnam (SJS) counties, TN.

    An Olive-sided Flycatcher on Spaw Cemetery Rd. near the intersection with Rt. 1676 in Pulaski Co., KY, 6 September 2003 (RMD) was earliest Regionally and one of few fall records for that county; yet another near Shopville in the same county 29 September 2003 (CSN) was the latest reported this season.

    Eastern Wood-Pewees were still feeding young in mid-September near Mt. Zion, Pulaski Co., KY (RMD).  The last report of the season came 16 October 2003 near Barnett Bridge, Morgan Co., TN (JR)

    One Yellow-bellied Flycatcher was observed in the portion of Mammoth Cave Nat. Park that lies within Barren Co., KY, 5 September 2003 (MM; Palmer-Ball and McNeeley 2004a) and provided the earliest report of the season Regionally; another well described but silent Yellow-belly was given careful scrutiny at Mt. Zion, Pulaski Co., KY, 12 September 2003 (RMD*).  All observers are cautioned to take extremely detailed notes about any individuals of this species or related Empidonaces they may encounter; in the absence of a photograph (and sometimes even in its presence), copious notes are the best way to provide convincing proof of a fall empid report.

    Although also not vocalizing, a small-billed Empidonax near Science Hill, Pulaski Co., KY, 26 August 2003 (RMD) was considered to be a Least Flycatcher by the observer, who studied this bird carefully; it represented the earliest report this season in the Region.

    The final sighting of Great Crested Flycatcher this season Regionally was made in Cane Creek Park, Putnam Co., TN, 10 September 2003 (SJS, GKE, JaF). 

    Last reported Regionally this fall was an Eastern Kingbird in Adair Co., KY, 27 September 2003 (RMD, LM, AM).

Shrike through Swallows

A lone Loggerhead Shrike was noted at Shipley Farm, Putnam Co., TN, 20 September 2003 (MJH) during the Fall Bird Count, and another single visited a yard on Student's Home Rd., DeKalb Co., TN, 7, 8, 12, 13, 26, and 30 October 2003 (JCF photo).  Still other singles were present near Cooley's Pond, Wayne Co., KY, 29 October 2003 (RMD); on Rt. 111 in northern Overton Co., TN, 15 November 2003 (SJS et al.); and near Hogue, Pulaski Co., KY, 23 November 2003 (RMD).  These sightings, all from sites where shrikes have been detected in recent seasons, represent almost the entire body of autumn reports for this rapidly diminishing "songbird."  The only report from a site where the species has not been noted recently came from Bledsoe Co., TN, where 2 were noted along Old Rt. 28 parallel to Rt. 127 in the northern part of that county 30 November 2003 (SJS, WAW).

    The last reports of White-eyed Vireo Regionally came 15 October 2003 from Morgan Co., TN (JR) and Pulaski Co., KY (RMD).

    Latest this season Regionally was a Yellow-throated Vireo 13 October 2003 at Cane Creek Park, Putnam Co., TN (SJS).

    The last Blue-headed Vireo each fall is always hard to determine because some birds linger into winter (or actually spend the winter); see the Winter 2003-2004 UCR Bird Report for a sighting made in December 2003 in DeKalb Co., TN.

    There were no reports of Warbling Vireo this fall, a common circumstance Regionally for this early departing species.

    The earliest arriving Philadelphia Vireo of the season Regionally was found 16 September 2003 at Mt. Zion, Pulaski Co., KY (RMD); another visited Cane Creek Park, Putnam Co., TN, 19 September 2003 (SJS).  The latest bird of the season Regionally showed up at Cane Creek Park, Putnam Co., TN, 13 October 2003 (SJS).

    An adult Red-eyed Vireo feeding a Virginia creeper berry to a begging Red-eye 10-11 September at Mt. Zion, Pulaski Co., KY (RMD), probably provided evidence of later than normal nesting for this common species.  The last sighting of the season came 11 October 2003 from McCreary Co., KY (RMD, LMM, TBM, GC).

    Getting quite late for an early-departing migrant were four Purple Martins near Cooley's Pond, Wayne Co., KY, 22 September 2003 (RMD, SD).

    A concentration of 700+ Tree Swallows near Cooley's Pond, Wayne Co., KY, 22 September 2003 (RMD, SD) must have been quite a sight and certainly provided one of the highest daily counts in recent years.  A flock of 500+ stayed until at least 28 October 2003 in the Walnut Creek area of Barren River Reservoir, Barren/Allen counties, KY (DLR).  The latest report of the season came only a day later in Wayne Co., KY (RMD), but probably there were later birds still that went unseen or unreported.

    Northern Rough-winged Swallows went entirely unreported during the season across the Region, testifying to their early departing migratory habits.

    Four Bank Swallows in Wells Bottom, Clinton Co., KY, 16 August 2003 (SJS, WAW) were mustering with 50+ Barn Swallows in a county where at least one breeding site of the former species is known.

    Two Cliff Swallows near Cooley's Pond, Wayne Co., KY, 22 September 2003 (RMD, SD) were getting toward the latter end of the species' usual stay in the Region and were well past the period when Cliffs can be counted on to occur.

    The last Barn Swallow Regionally this fall was reported 1 October 2003 from Cane Creek Park, Putnam Co., TN (SJS et al.).

Nuthatches through Pipit

A Red-breasted Nuthatch found 20 September 2003 in eastern Putnam County during the Fall Bird Count (BHS) provided the earliest report Regionally this season.  By season's end the moderately low number of reports of this pine-loving nuthatch suggested that only a moderate-sized (or smaller) irruption had taken place.

    Five Brown-headed Nuthatches were counted at the Cookeville Golf Course during the Putnam County Fall Bird Count 20 September 2003 (WAW, MPO), indicating that this small population remains viable.

    The earliest report of Brown Creeper during the season Regionally came from Pulaski Co., KY, where one was noted 15 October 2003 (RMD).

    The last House Wren to be reported came from Shopville, Pulaski Co., KY, 20 October 2003 (CSN).

    The earliest report of Winter Wren this fall Regionally came from Cumberland Mountain State Park, Cumberland Co., TN, 12 October 2003 (SJS).

    The only Sedge Wren reported this fall came from the Bridgestone/Firestone Centennial Wilderness, White Co., TN, where one was noted 25 October 2003 (SJS, WAW).

    The earliest Regional report of Marsh Wren this season came from Mark, Pulaski Co., KY, 22 September 2003 (CSN, WN).  Two Marsh Wrens in Scott Co., TN, 18 October 2003 (NM, SJS, WAW) provided a record in a county with few previous reports; a single in a cattail marsh near the point where Flynn Creek flows into the Cumberland River, Jackson Co., TN, 19 October 2003 (SJS) was probably the first reported from that county.  A single Marsh Wren in a marshy area bordering a pond on Walnut Grove Rd., White Co., TN, 2 November 2003 (WB) provided the latest report of the season.

    Somewhat late for the first reported Golden-crowned Kinglet Regionally was a single at Cumberland Mountain State Park, Cumberland Co., TN, 12 October 2003 (SJS).

    The season's first Ruby-crowned Kinglets involved two in Putnam Co., TN, found there during the Fall Bird Count 20 September 2003 (BHS, SJS).

    Very late was a Blue-gray Gnatcatcher near the point where Flynn Creek flows into the Cumberland River, Jackson Co., TN, 19 October 2003 (SJS).

    No report of Veery occurred this season, not a surprising circumstance but one that would benefit from a change.

    Swainson's Thrush made its first appearance of the season Regionally when one was observed in Pulaski Co., KY, 4 September 2003 (RMD); another was in Putnam Co., TN, the next day (SJS).

    The season's earliest Gray-cheeked Thrush, after Veery the scarcest of the Regional migrant thrushes, was noted in southern Pulaski Co., KY, 21 September 2003 (RMD, SD).

    The earliest reported Hermit Thrush Regionally was a lone bird at Ensor Sink Natural Area, Cookeville, Putnam Co., TN, 13 October 2003 (SJS).

    The final appearance of Wood Thrush Regionally this fall occurred in Cane Creek Park, Putnam Co., TN (SJS, GKE, JaF).

    The last Gray Catbird to be reported this season Regionally was noted at City Lake, Putnam Co., TN, 25 October 2003 (BHS).

    Extremely early for the second consecutive fall and earliest this season Regionally was an American Pipit at the Fishing Creek Recreation Area, Lake Cumberland, Pulaski Co., KY, 29 September 2003 (RMD).  The next earliest sightings took place in mid-October.  Two hundred were found near the Scott County Airport, Scott Co., TN, 22 November 2003 (NM).

Warblers

Quite late and latest reported Regionally this season was a well described Blue-winged Warbler north of Smithville, DeKalb Co., TN, 10 October 2003 (CDW).

    Golden-winged Warblers are almost always more scarce during migration than most observers would wish, but this fall quite a few reports were submitted: singles at Mt. Zion, Pulaski Co., KY, 4, 10, and 11 September 2003 (RMD); a single male at Cane Creek Park, Putnam Co., TN, 19 September 2003 (SJS); a single in the Lake Cumberland WMA, Pulaski Co., KY, 19 September 2003 (RMD); a single male on Indian Creek Rd. during the Putnam Co., TN, Fall Bird Count 20 September 2003 (SJS); a single female or immature on the Cathy Crocket Trail in southern Pulaski Co., KY, 21 September 2003 (RMD, SD); and a male at Mt. Zion, Pulaski Co., KY, 23 September 2003 (RMD).

    The first Tennessee Warbler of the season Regionally showed up near Science Hill, Pulaski Co., KY, 24 August 2003 (RMD).  The 66 Tennessees recorded on the Putnam Co., TN, Fall Bird Count represented the highest one-day count ever made in that county.  Two Tennessees noted at Walnut Park, Cookeville, Putnam Co., TN, 31 October 2003 (SJS) tied the late fall departure date for the county and were the latest reported Regionally.

    The first report of the season Regionally for Orange-crowned Warbler came very early when one was reported 5 September 2003 in the Barren Co., KY, portion of Mammoth Cave Nat. Park (MM; Palmer-Ball and McNeeley 2004a); on 17 October 2003 another was noted in the OWSR, Morgan Co., TN (BHS); and still another was reported in Scott Co., TN, 29 October 2003 (NM).

    An earlyish  Nashville Warbler appeared 10 September 2003 at Mt. Zion, Pulaski Co., KY (RMD), while a latish Nashville was found along Helenwood Detour Rd., Scott Co., TN, 18 October 2003 (NM, WAW, SJS).

    A Northern Parula at Cane Creek Park, Putnam Co., TN, 15 October 2003 (SJS) was five days later than the previous latest departing fall Parula in that county, as well as being the last reported Regionally this season.

    An early Chestnut-sided Warbler showed up 19 August 2003 at the Lake Cumberland WMA, Pulaski Co., KY (RMD), a site where the species is not known to nest.  The latest Chestnut-sides reported were two at Cane Creek Park, Putnam Co., TN, 13 October 2003 (SJS).

    The first sighting of Magnolia Warbler in the Region this season came 3 September 2003 at Ensor Sink Natural Area, Cookeville, Putnam Co., TN (SJS); this sighting was quickly followed by another in Pulaski Co., KY, 4 September 2003 (RMD).  The last report of the season was made at City Lake, Putnam Co., TN, 21 October 2003 (SJS).

    Cape May Warblers are usually quite scarce Regionally each fall; several records were made this season, including one along the Cumberland River upstream from the Creelsboro Arch, Russell Co., KY, 27 September 2003 (TMC, SJS, WAW); three in Mt. Zion, Pulaski Co., KY, 8 October 2003 (RMD); one at City Lake, Putnam Co., TN, 12 October 2003 (SJS); one at Ensor Sink Natural Area, Putnam Co., TN, 13 October 2003 (SJS); and, finally, another (differently plumaged) at Ensor Sink Natural Area, Putnam Co., TN, 22 October 2003 (SJS) that was by six days the latest ever reported during fall in that county.

    As is often the case, no sightings of Black-throated Blue Warblers were reported this season around the Region.

    The earliest Yellow-rumped Warbler reported this fall Regionally came from the Ano strip mines, Pulaski Co., KY, 28 September 2003 (RMD, SD), about the date of the typical first report of this wintering parulid.

    A Blackburnian Warbler appeared near Science Hill, Pulaski Co., KY, 26 August 2003 (RMD), the first to be reported Regionally this fall.

    Earliest Regionally this fall was a Palm Warbler at Mt. Zion, Pulaski Co., KY, 15 September 2003 (RMD). The total of 59 Palms registered on the Putnam Co., TN, Fall Bird Count provided a new one-day high count of  this tail-wagger for that county.

    The earliest Bay-breasted Warbler was found in Pulaski Co., KY, 4 September 2003 (RMD).  No particularly high counts of this species were reported.  The last Bay-breast report was  provided by one 17 October 2003 in the OWSR, Morgan Co., TN (BHS).

   Fall Cerulean Warbler records in the Region can be quite scarce, so singles noted 8 August 2003 on Hurricane Ridge Rd., DeKalb Co., TN (TLC, VC), 11 August 2003 near Shopville, Pulaski Co., KY (CSN, WN), and 24 August 2003 near Science Hill, Pulaski Co., KY (RMD) were noteworthy.

    Prothonotary Warblers generally depart the Region early.  This year one was noted 5 September 2003 in the Pointer Creek area of Lake Cumberland WMA, Pulaski Co., KY (RMD) while a still later bird was found 20 September 2003 during the Putnam County Fall Bird Count at Burgess Falls State Natural Area, Putnam Co., TN (SJS et al.).

   A Swainson's Warbler was prompted to sing by a tape recording 14 August 2003 at Little Lick, DBNF, Pulaski Co., KY (RMD), providing a late date for that county and one of few post-July records in the Region.  The latest Regional record derives from a tower kill in Adair Co., KY, 11 October.

    An Ovenbird in the OWSR, Morgan Co., TN, 30 October 2003 (BHS) was the last reported Regionally this season.

    The first report of Northern Waterthrush this season in the UCR was made during the Fall Bird Count in Putnam Co., TN, 20 September 2003 (SJS)

    A lingering Louisiana Waterthrush, a warbler that typically departs the Region very early each fall, was still present at the Lake Cumberland WMA, Pulaski Co., KY, 19 August 2003 (RMD).

    Kentucky Warblers often leave the Region in such an inconspicuous manner that few or no reports occur after August.  However, this year the last Kentucky was noted 28 September 2003 in the vicinity of upper Flynn Creek, Jackson Co., TN (MJH).

    Neither Connecticut nor Mourning warbler was noted this season anywhere in the UCR, not an unusual circumstance based on the paucity of past autumn reports of these skulking species.

    Last reported Regionally this season was a Common Yellowthroat near Shopville, Pulaski Co., KY, 1 November 2003 (CSN).

    A Canada Warbler on the Putnam County, TN, Fall Bird Count 20 September 2003 (SJS) was the last reported this season Regionally and one of few reported at all during the season.

Sparrows to Siskin

A sight record of Clay-colored Sparrow at Mt. Zion, Pulaski Co., KY, 10 November 2003 (RMD) was later approved by the Kentucky Bird Records Committee; it constituted the first Regional record (McNeeley 2006).

    The first report of Vesper Sparrow Regionally came 18 October 2003 from the Scott County Airport, Scott Co., TN (SJS, NM, WAW), where four were observed.

    Extremely rare Regionally, a Lark Sparrow visited Clifty Pond, Pulaski Co., KY, 9-10 September 2003 (RMD), providing a first record for that county.

    The earliest Savannah Sparrow of the season was reported from Cane Creek Park, Putnam Co., TN, 24 September 2003 (SJS et al.).

    A pair of Grasshopper Sparrows were feeding young 16 August 2003 in a field east of Albany, Clinton Co., KY (WAW, SJS photo).  The latest report of the season Regionally came from Pulaski Co., KY, 20 October 2003 (RMD).

    A Fox Sparrow in the OWSR, Morgan Co., TN, 17 October 2003 (BHS) was a bit earlier than the species is typically expected and the first reported Regionally this fall.

    The earliest Lincoln's Sparrow, an uncommon to very uncommon migrant in the Region, was noted 20 September 2003 in eastern Putnam Co., TN (BHS), during the Fall Bird Count.  Single Lincoln's were also noted at Clifty Pond, Pulaski Co., KY, 1 October 2003 (RMD); at Cane Creek Park, Putnam Co., TN, 12 October 2003 (WAW), one of few noted at that site in recent years; near the point where Flynn Creek joins the Cumberland River, Jackson Co., TN, 19 October 2003 (SJS), providing a likely first record for that county; and near Shopville, Pulaski Co., KY, 23 & 27 October 2003 (CSN).

    A Swamp Sparrow at Twin Lakes, Pulaski Co., KY, 1 October 2003 (RMD) provided the first report of the season Regionally.

    White-throated Sparrows sometimes arrive in late September, but the earliest report this season came from Hurricane Ridge Rd., DeKalb Co., TN, 5 October 2003 (TLC, VC); another was noted in Mt. Zion, Pulaski Co., KY, 8 October 2003 (RMD).

    The first White-crowned Sparrow report of the season Regionally was provided by one near Shopville, Pulaski Co., KY, 13 October 2003 (CSN).

    The season's first Dark-eyed Junco Regionally appeared on Hurricane Ridge Rd., DeKalb Co., TN, 12 October 2003 (TLC, VC).

    Snow Buntings tend to be seldom reported Regionally, so one briefly seen and heard at the Huntsville Utility District reservoir, Scott Co., TN, 29 November 2003 (JM, NM, SJS) was a welcome sight.

    The last report of Summer Tanager this season Regionally came 14 October 2003 from DeKalb Co., TN (CDW).

    A Scarlet Tanager in the OWSR, Morgan Co., TN, 17 October 2003 (BHS) was the latest reported this season Regionally.

    The earliest Rose-breasted Grosbeak noted this fall Regionally was one calling along Holmes Creek Rd., DeKalb Co., TN, 6 September 2003 (SJS, CDW, JCF).

    The last hurrah for Blue Grosbeak this season Regionally was provided rather early by four found on the Fall Bird Count in Putnam Co., TN, 20 September 2003 (m.ob.).

    The swan song, if that is the right phrase, for Indigo Bunting this season Regionally was sung (actually, chipped) by one at Walnut Park, Cookeville, Putnam Co., TN, 26 October 2003 (SJS).

    Bobolinks sometimes go unreported in the Region during fall though they pass through each season in fair numbers, mainly being found in extensive grassy fields.  This fall no early date was submitted, while the late fall date Regionally fell on the somewhat early date of 20 September 2003, when four were noted on the Putnam Co., TN, Fall Bird Count (SJS et al.).

    Rusty Blackbirds arrived very late in the Region, to judge from the paucity of records submitted.  The first report of the season Regionally came 23 November 2003 when 40 were reported in southern Cookeville, Putnam Co., TN (SHF); on 26 November 2003 about 300 were noted foraging on dogwood berries near City Lake, Putnam Co., TN (SJS).

    A female Brewer's Blackbird at the Billingsley Farm near the Scott County Airport, Scott Co., TN, 18 October 2003 (SJS, NM, WAW) was earlier than almost all previous first-arriving Brewer's in Tennessee history and was the first reported Regionally this fall.

    An Orchard Oriole at Cane Creek Park, Putnam Co., TN, 15 August 2003 (SJS, WAW, JCO) provided a new late fall departure date for that county, but that record was soon superseded by an even later Orchard found 10 September 2003 on Poplar Grove Rd. (DR*).  Another Orchard on Walnut Grove Rd., White Co., TN, 6 September 2003 (WB, SB) was noteworthy.

    Earliest Regionally this fall were two Purple Finches in the BSFNRRA, Scott Co., TN, 8 November 2003 (BHS).  By season's end a fairly large number of reports of this boreal irruptive had been received, indicating it would be more common during the coming winter than during the last winter.

    The Pine Siskin is another boreal irruptive, but, unlike the usually stable numbers of wintering Purple Finches, its numbers vary considerably from winter to winter.  Three at the state dock area, Barren River Reservoir, Barren Co., KY, 7 November 2003 (DLR) and twelve in the OWSR, Morgan Co., TN, 13 November 2003 (BHS) offered promise of at least a moderate invasion of this small finch during the coming winter. Another was seen briefly on Hurricane Ridge Rd., DeKalb Co., TN, 19 November 2003 (TLC, VC).  Additionally, one was photographed and two others were present 24 November 2003 at the National Fish Hatchery in Celina, Clay Co., TN (TMC photo), while two siskins visited a feeder near Science Hill, Pulaski Co., KY, on the same date (RMD).

Observers:  Sharon Brines (SB), Wally Brines (WB), Michael Brown (MB), Terry M. Campbell (TMC), Granville Cox (GC), Tommy L. Curtis (TLC), Virginia Curtis (VC), Douglas A. Downs (DAD), Julie Denton (JD), Roseanna M. Denton (RMD), Steve Denton (SD), Ginger K. Ensor (GKE), Janie C. Finch (JaF), Ric C. Finch (RCF), Susan H. Ford (SHF),  Judy C. Fuson (JCF), Dana Girard (DG), W. Howard Groce (WHG), Kathy Harville (KH), Robbie C. Hassler (RCH), Michael J. Hawkins (MJH), Margo Hinkle (MH), Nancy S. Layzer (NSL), Allen Lively (AL), Linda McClendon (LM), Martha McKnight (MM), Theodore McKnight (TM), Lynda M. Mills (LMM), Thomas B. Mills (TBM), Jimi Moore (JM), Nell Moore (NM), Kenneth L. Morgan (KLM), Arlene Morton (AM), Connie S. Neeley (CSN), Wendell Neeley (WN), Linda Null (LN), Michael P. O'Rourke (MPO), Ken Oeser (KO), John C. Owens (JCO), Jeanne Richardson (JR), David L. Roemer (DLR), Dena Russell (DR), Leslie Smith (LS), Ronnie D. Smith (RDS), Barbara H. Stedman (BHS), Stephen J. Stedman (SJS), Betty R. Thornton (BRT), Terry Thornton (TT), Anthony Trimboli (AT), Shannon Trimboli (ST), Winston A. Walden (WAW), Carol D. Williams (CDW), Don Williams (DW).

Literature Cited

Banks, R. D., C. Cicero, J. L. Dunn, A. W. Kratter, P. C. Rasmussen, J. V. Remsen, J. D. Rising,
        and D. F. Stotz. 2003. Forty-Fourth Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union
        Check-List of North American Birds. Auk 120 (3): 923-931.

Appendix A.  Reports of Southbound Sandhill Cranes during "Fall" 2003 in the Upper Cumberland Region.

Quick links to other sections of this website:

• HomePage for SJS

• The BirdPage

• The ButterflyPage